Peran Kerapatan Adat Nagari dalam penyelesaian konflik tanah ulayat antar kaum

Abstract

Land conflicts in Indonesia are complex issues that evolve alongside social, political, and economic dynamics. These conflicts often involve various parties, ranging from indigenous communities and farmers to the government. In Minangkabau, land disputes frequently center on ulayat (customary communal) land. A specific example is the ulayat land dispute within the Caniago clan—specifically involving the lineages of Angku Datuak Sati and Angku Manti. This study aims to describe the chronology and origins of this dispute, the stages of conflict resolution undertaken by the Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN—Village Customary Council), and the impact of the KAN's decision on social harmony within the community. The study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and included the Head of KAN, the conflicting parties, and members of the Talang Babungo community. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. Data validity was verified using technique triangulation, while data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the land dispute between the Angku Datuak Sati and Angku Manti lineages actually originated between 2010 and 2011 but reignited in 2019 due to conflicting land ownership claims. The resolution process carried out by KAN Talang Babungo proceeded through several stages: receiving the complaint, tracing the history, deliberation, post-decision mediation, and a final stage utilizing the Silih Jariah mechanism. Furthermore, the decision issued by KAN Talang Babungo successfully restored social harmony, leaving no lingering awkwardness between the conflicting parties; it fostered concord between the two lineages, eliminated mutual protests, and allowed the disputed land to be utilized once again. Thus, the Talang Babungo Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN)—the Nagari Customary Council—plays a crucial role in resolving the conflict involving the Caniago clan by prioritizing the principles of deliberation, consensus, and mutual justice.